Publishing has moved from mechanical to digital technology in a generation, with book, newspaper, music, periodical, directory, internet, games, film and video publishing now digital. This has forced the evolution of business models and the sector has experienced more disruption and job loss than most.

There has been a major shift from vendor decision-making and control of content to customer decision-making, with customers now able to define and choose “content on demand” delivered through streaming services.

AR, VR, robots and drones are used in a wide range of production activities. Blockchain is being used in digital rights and IP management to better protect the rights of content creators. 

The telecommunications industry continues to evolve and change with challenges to existing providers from NBN and new distributed local wireless networks.

A small number of very big international entertainment networks dominate content production and distribution, including historic films, television programs and documentaries, as well as controlling sports and other popular broadcasting.

This creates a challenging environment for the production and distribution of new content, and has forced a shift to new diversified online media options – podcasting, streaming, social media, digital photo and video platforms.

Telecommunications, internet services, production services, library, radio and television services have also been disrupted with business models still evolving.